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The borders of the Mount Vernon were washed by more than 10 miles of tidewater. The whole Potomac River shore, in fact, was one entire fishery.
By Commander Donald D. Leach, USN (ret)
Records as early as 1606 mention the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries as sources of incredible stocks of fish and seafood. Some were seasonal, others available year-round. Great quantities of crabs, oysters, clams, and horseshoe crabs (the early settlers actually ate them) were available. The colonists described Indian methods of catching and, more importantly, preserving these harvests.
The colonists also described their amazement at having boats swamped by 4- to 6-foot sturgeon that leaped out of the water on board, as well as fish schools thick enough to impede a boat. Oysters as large as 14 inches were common.
As a result of this abundance, the development of fisheries as a viable source of food and income was to be expected. The early colonists knew how to fish but were not skilled in farming in their new homeland. With the excesses available from the waters they lived by, they only needed to find ways to preserve the catches and to send their harvests to other markets.
In the northern colonies, a flourishing industry was already in progress in offshore cod fishing, with the salt-dried cod being shipped to European markets. Living by and using the waters also dictated that there be a heavy dependence on all types of watercraft, so the construction and operation of boats followed in parallel with the fishing industry.
The main fishing effort on the Potomac involved the herring and shad runs during the spring season. As the water began to warm, these fish returned to spawn in the upper river, creeks, and tributaries of the Potomac. In writings of the day, there are references to the surface of the water sparkling like silver, as millions of fish swam upriver. Early attempts at spearing fish or trapping them in enclosures made of wooden stakes eventually led to the introduction of fish weirs and the use of seine nets imported from Europe.
In Washington's time, it was natural that he would incorporate fishing into his plantation routine and make it a part of the revenue-producing activities of a working farm, following the lead of his father Augustine and half-brother Lawrence.
No endeavor better represented Washington’s entrepreneurial spirit than his three fisheries along the Potomac River spanning his 10 miles of coastline at Mount Vernon
In 1793, George Washington described the Potomac as "well supplied with various kinds of fish at all seasons of the year... the whole shore in short is one entire fishery."
Paul Jones, historic angling expert and fisherman, tells us about how George Washington would have prepared his line for coarse (bait) fishing.
